:all
aircraft except a few experimental aircraft Consists of same main parts These
parts are
Wing-
{Fuselage {the body-
Empennage-
Landing
gear-
Engine-
all
these parts - except engine - are the plane structure. this part of the article Discusses the main
parts of the structure, as well as the
aircraft equipment ,machinery and various types of propellers. In the next
part of the article will explain the engines
:The
wing
Wing extends to the outside of each side of the plane. And the lower
surface of the wing almost flat but the upper surface is curved . The
streamlined shape helps to generate leverage which lift the airplane of the
ground and keep it in the air. See the article of aerodynamic, it helps you
to explain how a wing generates lift
power
Most
aircraft wings are made of metal . The wing structure is made up of lists of
longitudinal and transverse ribs. the structure is covered by a thin cover is
usually made of aluminum. and most of the aircraft have cantilever wings
fixed completely in the body.
the wing has roots,
borders,front edge, and back edge. wing's root is the part of the wing is
fixed to the body, the border is the furthest wing edge from the body, the
front edge is curved and back edge is
thickness then sliding back up to the rear edge sharp like knife.
and it is provide
most of this type of aircraft wings ,
because of its excellent performance
in the air at high speeds or low as well
For
many aircraft - especially high-speed jet aircraft - the wings are fixed at the rear extension
and tend to back starting from the root to the border. And a few aircraft
with wings tend to front. The triangular wing-like geometric triangle and the
length of the root approximately equal to the length of the body
This design provides
a high speed of the plane , as it reduces the drag force. And provide
Military high-speed aircraft with variable geometry wings so-called moving
wings, where you can move the wings and the plane in the air. When the
straight wings out of the situation, it is appropriate to fly at low speeds,
which are generated additional leverage in this situation. If the wings are
in a rear extension to triangular wing form , the plane is in the best
conditions for high speeds. In most aircraft wings animated control surfaces
help to maintain the balance of the plane in the air. The ailerons installed
pivotal passages along the rear edge of the wing. And can be moved up or down
to control the stability of the cross-plane (ie the balance by the other
side). The ailerons are used to control the aircraft tends to make it turning
right or left aside in order to circumvent. When one of airfoils rise to the
top, the other airfoil drop down. In
most of aircraft have surface proved pivotal in the end of each Aileron, this
surface called balancing surface.
the pilot uses this
surface to reduce the effort required by him in order to maintain the balance
of the plane in the air. usually there is a same surface on each of the
rudder and the elevator, such as those on the ailerons.
a lot of aircraft is
provided by flaps. these surfaces are placed
in pivotal character length of the rear of the wings near the root.
flaps extend to help the plane to increase the lift during take-off and
increase the power of drag during landing.
reduce lift devices
take the place of some of the aircraft winglets
the
slide of front surface which installed at the front boarder near the outer
edge for both wings. it descend automatically outside to the front at
reduced speeds to helps the wings to generate lift. there is a small whole
behind the front border directly near each end of the wing also helps to
generate more lift at low speeds.
the engines are
installed in many of the aircraft either above or within wings. the engines
are inside closed metal cover called engine's house, it is usually the bottom
of the wing. also most of the wings contain the fuel tanks and landing
gear. different types of lighting lamps is distributed on the wings of
the plane. There are at each end of wing a colored navigation light ,
light or identification of the site. light located at the tip of the
left wing is a red color, and the light located at the right end is
green. when you see these lights, you can determine the direction of
the aircraft at first glance
:The Fuselage
the
body extends from forefront of the plane until the tail. most of the
aircraft body takes a tubular shape, covered with a light cover of
aluminum. In the single-engine aircraft engine usually found in the
front part of the body. But some of the jet aircraft engines have one or all in the back of the
body.
the body
contains control devices, the crew, passengers, and cargo. in small aircraft,
it contains the cockpit which have places for the pilot and one passenger
only . The pilot is sitting with the passengers in the small plane
but In most large aircraft there is a separate cabin for the crew and
other places for passengers and
goods
:Empennage
it
is the back part of the plane helping it to be under control maintaining it
to balanced state in the air.
most of tail groups consist of shark fin,
rudder, horizontal stabilizer and elevator. the main fin is vertically fixed
to keep the plane in stable status. the rudder is fixed to its back side, it
controls the plane during changing its direction. the stabilizer seems like a
small wing, it is used to keep the plane in Horizontal stability.
the carne fixed at
the end of stabilizer, the pilot moves it up and down to rise or down the
plane nose
most
of modern aircraft have a completely moving tail instead of the stabilizer
and the crane. it works to prevent oscillation of the tail to up or down
Maintaining the horizontal stability of the aircraft .
Empennage has a lot
of different forms. In some aircraft, fin and rudder vertically create a
right angle with the body. While in the other planes had tended to the acute
angle to the back side. In most Jet
aircraft which have engines in rear of the body, the horizontal stabilizer and crane found
near the end of the vertical tail and elevator, it is proximity longer than
usual. a tail group for some light
aircraft in the form of 7 installed in each crane and balanced amendment
surface
:Landing
gear
It
consists of wheels or floats that move the plane above it when going on the
ground or water. landing gear bear weight of the aircraft when going on
the Earth or water.
For ground
aircraft have two landing devices. In
some light aircraft, landing gear consists of two wheels down the front of
the body, and the third wheel under the tail, as most other aircraft have tripartite landing device, in light
aircraft it consists of wheel under plane nose and two wheels under
the middle of the body, or one under each wing, and many large aircraft
triple landing device consists of: 1 the main landing gear, includes up to 12 wheel down both wings, 2
front landing wheel or mostly two wheels.
landing gear either fixed or
folding. fixed landing device remains in place for extended all the time
of flying which reduces the speed of the plane. Either high-speed
aircraft are mostly enclosed wheels or attract it up after take-off, either
inside the wings, either inside the body.
The fuselage against
water leakage of water resist works as
a cabin and landing at the same time. Either floats, operated landing
gear in the aircraft. And amphibious aircraft operating on land and
water wheels folds installed in the body
:The Panel
The
instrument panel, ranging from relatively simple painting of the aircraft
Beechcraft King Air and the complex paintings of aircraft, Boeing 747.And
each of the pilot and co-pilot control devices installed in the front
panel. In the 747 there is a flight engineer monitors the hardware
installed on the right panel.
Control devices and
screens Inside the cockpit, the pilot is available to the various organs
of leadership and navigational aids. Most aircraft wheel and ailerons
are running the crane, while a small number of special types of aircraft such
as fighter aircraft and agricultural spraying is controlled by stick instead of
the steering wheel. And controls the rudder by rudder pedals. There
are also a number of screens related to the engine to record fuel
consumption, oil pressure, and other information on the engine. The
screens found out the speed of the plane ,height and guide angle provided in the air.
Some aircraft has
auto pilot which connects to controllers to maintain the destination of the aircraft
automatically. all modern airlines are provided auto pilot, laptop and
other electronic assistance, such as radar
:Aircraft
propellers
propellers. (chopper):
It is pushing turboprop aircraft. In most of these aircraft have a
propeller for each engine. In a few planes there are propellers run with
a common axis that means one engine runs many propellers. in single engine aircraft,
the propeller installed in front of plane but in multy engines aircraft, the
propellers installed at the wings.
Some aircraft has two
blades propeller While large aircraft propellers blades up to five. The
plane ccommander can change the angle of the blades of the propeller during a
flight every particular speed, maneuver, or a specific angle of blades. When
the blades on the correct angle the plane works efficiently. As
propellers of fixed blades cannot be controlled by changing the
angles. Fixed speed motor, angles are adjusted automatically to keep the
engine rotation speed constant during air manoeuvres.
Some of the propeller
blades can be administered to the angle to be parallel with the direction of
their aircraft. blades are enclosed to prevent wind from rotating
propeller when engine failure to ensure its safety
